CSCI150A&B Fall 2022

Practice Problems 7 Solutions

If you had the following code in a file named test.py:
```
if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("This is a test, it is only a test.")
else:
    print("This is a test of: " + __name__)
```
What would be printed in the console if you:
1. Ran the program, e.g. via the “green arrow” in Thonny
  
  This is a test, it is only a test
2. Typed “import test” into the console
  
  This is a test of: test
Recall that when we run with the green arrow __name__ is "__main__" and when the file is imported, __name__ is set to the name of the file without the “.py” at the end.
For program with the following usage message, what will be the length of sys.argv when the user supplies the correct number of command-line arguments.
```
 usage: python3 time_shift.py <input file> <output file> <hours>
```
The program takes 3 arguments so len(sys.argv) should be 4 (the first entry is always the program name).

You’re planning on writing a program print_files.py that can take one or more files as command-line arguments and will do something with each file (for example, print the contents).

Write the portion of the program that ensures that whenever this program is executed with the wrong number of parameters, it prints out the usage of the program:
```
 $ python3 print_files.py
 usage: python3 print_files.py <file1> <file2> ...
```
To get started, write code such that if the user does enter one or more files, the program prints out the name of each of the files entered:
```
 $ python3 print_files.py some_file another_file and_another_file
 some_file
 another_file
 and_another_file
```

 import sys
    
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     if len(sys.argv) <= 1:
         print("usage: python3 print_files.py <file1> <file2> ...")
     else:
        # Print out the names of all the entered files, but
        # don't print out the item at index 0, since it's the program name
        for f in sys.argv[1:]:
            print(f)

The following code prints out two variables separated by a comma (",") and followed by a blank line. Rewrite this code more concisely using the print function’s optional arguments.
```
 print(str(key) + "," + str(value))
 print()
```
We use the sep and end arguments to accomplish the above with a single print statement. We are taking advantage of the fact that print can take a variable number of positional arguments.
```
 print(str(key), str(value), sep=",", end="\n\n")
```
We can make this even more concise by taking advantage of the fact that print automatically converts its arguments to strings.
```
 print(key, value, sep=",", end="\n\n")
```
Consider the following program in a file name “test.py”.
```
 import sys
 print(sys.argv[0], sys.argv[int(sys.argv[1])])
```
What will be printed when this program is invoked as:
1. python3 test.py 0 a b c
```
 test.py test.py 
```
2. python3 test.py 2 a b c
```
 test.py a 
```
3. python3 test.py 1 a b c
```
 test.py 1
```
This is the docstring for the get method on dictionaries.
```
 get(...)
     D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d.  d defaults to None.
```
The second argument for get is optional, e.g. { 1: 2}.get(5) evaluates to None. Implement a function named my_get as a replacement for get (without using get). Your function should take a dictionary, a key and an optional value as parameters and return the same result as get.
```
 def my_get(dictionary, key, value=None):
     if key in dictionary:
         return dictionary[key]
     else:
         return value
```

Writing a program that could take one or two command-line arguments. If the second argument is not present, the value should default to 12. For testing purposes, just print the two values used by the program. For example:

 $ python3 test.py test.txt
 test.txt
 12

 $ python3 test.py test.txt 5
 test.txt
 5

 if __name__ == "__main__":
     # Print the first command line argument
     print(sys.argv[1])
     # Use the second command line parameter or the default value
     if len(sys.argv) == 3:
         value = sys.argv[2]
     else:
         value = 12
     print(value)