[PP Problem 7.11] Using string methods, write Python expressions that produce the following (just the expression, you don’t need to write a function). You should be able to accomplish all of these tasks with just one or more string methods.
a. "boolean".capitalize()
b. "CO2 H2O".find("2"). Make sure to put the 2 in quotes, it’s a string, not a number.
c.
temp = "CO2 H2O"
temp.find("2", temp.find("2") + 1)
find can be called with a single parameter or with two parameters, where
the first is a string and the second an int representing the index to start
searching from. The example above starts looking for “2” at the index:
temp.find("2")+1
which is one after the index you found for the first occurrence.
Another way of doing this is:
temp.find("2", 3)
Though this assumes that you precomputed the index of the first occurrence.
d. 'Boolean'[0].islower()
Gets the first character of the string and then checks to see if it is lowercase.
e. 'MoNDaY'.lower().capitalize()
Note that you can chain method calls.
f. " Monday".strip()
Evaluate the following expressions assuming the variable digits has the
value “0123456789”, i.e. the string containing the digits 0-9.
a. '01234'
b. '56789'
c. '02468'
d. '13579'
e. '56'
For this kind of problem, it is helpful to write the indices over or under the characters in the string to help determine the slice results.
Write a function named last_half that takes a string as a parameter and
returns the last half of that string. For odd length strings, you may round
either way.
def last_half(string):
"""
Return the 2nd half of the string parameter
"""
return string[len(string)//2:]
Recall floor division rounds down and therefore this implementation returns a longer last half for odd length strings.
Write a function named insert_noise(word) that returns a new string with
the letter “a” inserted after each letter in the original string.
def insert_noise(word):
"""
Return the word parameter with an 'a' inserted after each letter
"""
result = ""
for letter in word:
result = result + letter + "a"
return result
The result = result + ... is such a common pattern that there is a
shorthand “in-place” operator, +=, that you can use instead, e.g.
result += letter + "a". There are similar in-place operators for most
arithmetic operations.
Extend your insert_noise function from above to insert a random letter
from the alphabet after each letter in the original string.
from random import randint
ALPHABET="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz "
def insert_noise(word):
"""
Return the word parameter with a random lower case letter inserted after each letter in word
"""
result = ""
for letter in word:
result += letter + ALPHABET[randint(0, len(ALPHABET)-1)]
return result
Notice the use of len(ALPHABET) in setting the upper bound of the call to
randint. This is a good practice to make sure our code works regardless
of the value (and length) of ALPHABET. Also notice we needed to
subtract one from the length when setting the upper bound because randint
has an inclusive end.
As a bonus challenge, further extend your insert_noise function to only
insert letters between letters in the original word. Your function should
work if the original word is the empty string. As a hint, slice operations
on the empty string evaluate to the empty string.
from random import randint
ALPHABET="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz "
def insert_noise3(word):
"""
Return the word parameter with a random lower case letter inserted between each letter in word
"""
result = ""
for letter in word:
result = result + letter + ALPHABET[randint(0, len(ALPHABET)-1)]
return result[:-1]
We can use slicing to remove the last character that we appended by slicing up to but not including the last character (indicated by the negative indexing). Slicing has the nice behavior that performing slice operations on an empty string just evaluates to an empty string (and not an error).